Martin Kunz Memorial Lecture. Tourism benefits and aviation policy

Peter Forsyth_

Department of Economics, Clayton Vic 3800, Australia

Abstract

Many tourists now travel by air, and aviation liberalisation has greatly contributed to the boom in international tourism. The relevance of tourism economic benefits in aviation policy decisions is becoming established, though there has been little by of analysis of these, of how they can be measured. Here, the nature of tourism’s economic benefits is discussed, and ways of measuring them are suggested. These rely on the use of computable general equilibrium models of economies. The measures of tourism benefits obtained from these are positive, though they smaller than more ad-hoc measures which are sometimes used, such as total tourism expenditure. The role of tourism benefits in aviation policy making is considered in several case studies. These indicate that while the tourism benefits to a country from aviation liberalisation are not likely to be as large as benefits to home country travellers or the costs to home country airlines, they are sufficiently large to tilt the balance of benefits and costs of liberalisation in many cases.

Keywords: Air transport liberalisation; Tourism economic benefits; General equilibrium modelling; Strategic alliances; Airline competition

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Mountaineering adventure tourists: a conceptual

framework for research

Gill Pomfret_Centre for Tourism and Cultural Change, Sheffield Hallam University, Room 1127, Owen Building, City Campus, Pond Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK

Abstract :

Mountaineering has emerged as a popular form of adventure tourism, yet there is scant research that develops an understanding of its participants. This paper contributes to a theoretical understanding of mountaineer adventure tourists by evaluating previous work on mountaineering, mountaineers, adventure, recreation and tourism. It uses this to develop a conceptual framework to examine mountaineer adventure tourists, the key in.uences on their participation in mountaineering and their actual experiences during involvement. In this framework a number of in.uences encourage participation. Push elements (Ann. Tourism Res. 4(4) (1977) 184), including risk (J. Leisure Res. 17(3) (1985) 241; Leisure Today 49(4) (1978) 7; J. Phys. Educ. Recreation 19(4) (1978) 27) and mastery (KYKLOS 52(3) (1999) 315), are in.uential. Pull elements (Ann. Tourism Res. 4(4) (1977) 184), including the natural mountain environment and mountain conditions are also signi.cant. Other in.uences are personality attributes such as sensation seeking (Sensational Seeking: Beyond the Optimal Level of Arousal, Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, 1979) and lifestyle factors, including previous mountaineering experience (J. Leisure Res. 17(3) (1985) 241). These components combine to in.uence people’s perception of adventure. During participation, mountaineer adventure tourists experience contrasting emotions, a core element of adventure (Adventure Tourism: The New Frontier, Butterworth-Heinemann, London, 2003). They can also experience .ow (The Psychology of Happiness, Rider, 1992) and peak experience (The Farther Reaches of Human Nature, Penguin, Baltimore, MD, 1976). How tourists experience mountaineering, and the emotional states encountered throughout this activity, result from the combined in.uences that originally encouraged them to participate. The framework differs from previous studies on mountaineering (e.g. Int. J. Sports Psychol. 27 (1996) 308; J. Leisure Res. 17(3) (1985) 241; Pers. Indiv. Differ. 25(6) (1998) 1063; KYKLOS 52(3) (1999) 315) in that it recognises the inter-relatedness of the in.uences on mountaineering participation, acknowledges the convergence of tourism and recreation in an adventure setting, and emphasises the importance of investigating mountaineers during their actual participation. Discussion of the framework’s value to mountaineering tourism providers is presented, and suggestions are made for further study in this under-researched .eld.

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Rural Tourism: An Annotated Bibliography

by

Dennis M. Brown

Regional Economist

Economic Research Service

U.S. Dept. of Agriculture

1800 M St., N.W.Room N2187

Washington, DC 2006

Abstract

This annotated bibliography summarizes studies on rural tourism. Primary emphasis is on

studies dealing with the United States, but some international studies are also included. Topics covered include tourism planning and development, tourism marketing, tourism and rural development, tourism and sustainable development, economic and other effects of tourism, heritage tourism, nature-based tourism/ecotourism, and agritourism.

Keywords: Rural tourism, heritage tourism, ecotourism, agritourism.

در صورت تمایل و نیاز برای خواندن کامل مقاله ، لطفاً در قسمت نظرات میل خود را بگذازید تا در اسرع وقت برای شما فرستاده شود.

Tourism Management 27 (2006) 146–158

Critical success factors for wine tourism regions: a demand analysis

Donald Getza,Graham Brownb

aFaculty of Management, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, N.W., Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4

bInternational Business School, University of South Australia, Adelaide S.A.

Received 16 December 2003; accepted 20 August 2004

ARTICLE IN PRESS

Abstract

Exploratory research was under taken to examine the level and characteristics of demand for long-distance wine tourism among wine consumers located far from wine regions. In this paper specic attention is given to the importance attached by wine consumers to various destination and trip attributes when deciding upon a wine tourism experience. A convenience sample of 161 wine consumers in Calgary, Canada, provided data for a factor analysis that reveals the core wine-related features, in relationship to general destination appeal and cultural products. It was determined that highly motivated, long-distance wine tourists prefer destinations offering a wide range of cultural and outdoor attractions. These preferences are compared to previous studies of critical success factors according to wine and tourism-industry personnel, and to the general literature on wine and food tourism. Implications are drawn for wine tourism theory, and practical implications are drawn for the development and marketing of wine tourism destinations. r 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Wine tourism demand; Destination attractiveness; Critical success factors for destination development; Wine tourism theory

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Modelling US tourism demand for European destinations

Zhongwei Hana, Ramesh Durbarryb, M. Thea Sinclaira,

Abstract

An almost ideal demand system model is used to examine US demand for tourism in European destinations. The model provides policy makers with useful information concerning the sensitivity of tourism demand to changes in relative prices, exchange rates and expenditure. The results show that price competitiveness is important for US demand for France, Italy and Spain but is relatively unimportant for the UK. France and Italy are regarded as substitutes by US tourists, as are Spain and Italy. As US expenditure rises, the market shares of Spain and the UK decline, while France and Italy bene.t. The demand modelling and forecasting indicate that in the absence of a tourism price index, the choice between alternative price indices does not have a signi.cant effect on the results.

Keywords: Almost ideal demand system; Competitiveness; Price indices

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Conceptualization of a meaning-basedresearch approach for tourism service experiences

William Obenoura,, Michael Pattersonb, Paul Pedersenc, Lynn Pearsond

a:Bowling Green State University, 214 Eppler North, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA

b:University of Montana, USA

c:Palm Beach Atlantic University, USA

d:Bowling Green State University, USA

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to explain the meaning-basedresearch approach to improve quality of tourism services. The article includes a discussion on tourism quality, information-processing approach (IPA), meaning-based approach (MBA) as an alternative to the IPA, anda case study to illustrate the MBA andstrategies to improve service quality design. The MBA is basedon an alternative set of assumptions about the tourist that enables managers andresearchers to gather in-depth customers’perceptions of the service environment and improve service quality design. According to the evidence gathered in the case study, the three narrative themes for the backpackers were social interaction with other backpackers including differences between solitary and travel partners, independence, and the symbols of a distinctive backpacker’s accommodation. Various management strategies are suggestedbasedon the three themes. Three limitations are notedfor the MBA to improve service quality for tourism service experiences.

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